Japan Airlines Flight 123 crashes into a mountain, killing 520 people.
日本航空123号班机坠入山中，造成520人死亡。
It's the deadliest single aircraft accident in history.
这是史上最严重的单一飞机事故。
We were working in this terrible carnage.
我们在这场可怕的大屠杀中工作。
I get chills thinking about it.
想起来我就浑身发冷。
Investigators immediately suspect an act of terror.
调查员立即怀疑这是一起恐怖行动。
Right now, it's a bomb.
现在，就是炸弹。
That's what the crime guys are telling us.
这是犯罪调查人员告诉我们的。
But the wreckage tells a different story.
但是飞机残骸讲述了不同的故事。
There's no fire damage.
没有火灾损害。
No shrapnel damage?
没有弹片损伤？
What they soon discover... It was the only thing holding the two sides together.
他们很快发现... 这是唯一将两侧连接在一起的东西。
...threatens to ground one of the most popular commercial jets on the planet, the 747.
...威胁要让地球上最受欢迎的商用喷气机之一，747停飞。
We were concerned that we had a structural flaw in the airplane, and others were worried too.
我们担心飞机有结构缺陷，其他人也很担心。
It's 6.10 p.m.
现在是下午6点10分。
at Tokyo's Haneda Airport.
在东京羽田机场。
Japan Airlines Flight 123 is ready for departure.
日本航空123号班机准备起飞。
Number one engine start.
一号引擎启动。
In the left-hand seat is 39-year-old First Officer Yutaka Sasaki, training to become a 747 captain.
坐在左手边的是39岁的副驾驶员佑多·佐佐木，他正在接受成为747机长的培训。
I'll handle the radios while you fly.
我来负责无线电，你来驾驶。
The captain is Masami Takahama, a former military pilot who joined Japan Airlines 20 years ago.
机长是正己·高浜，他是一名前军事飞行员，20年前加入日本航空。
Flight plan calls for a right turn out.
飞行计划要求右转出场。
Haneda Ground, Japan Air 123, request taxi, Charlie 7.
羽田地面，日航123号，请求滑行，查理7。
Thank you, sir.
谢谢，先生。
Today's flight is full, with 509 passengers on board.
今天的航班满员，有509名乘客在机上。
It's the start of the Obon holiday.
这是盂兰盆节的开始。
Obon is a Buddhist event about the ancestors' spirits.
盂兰盆节是关于祖先灵魂的佛教活动。
It happens in summer.
它在夏天举行。
People in the city go back to their hometown with families to celebrate.
城市里的人们会和家人一起回到家乡庆祝。
26-year-old Yumi Ochiai is an off-duty flight attendant.
26岁的落合由美是一名休班的空乘人员。
I'm so glad to have a break for the holiday.
我很高兴能在假期休息。
Yumi Ochiai was like many young Japanese.
落合由美和许多年轻的日本人一样。
She wanted to see the world.
她想要看看世界。
Working for the airlines allowed her to do that.
在航空公司工作让她能够做到这一点。
V1.
V1。
Rotate.
旋转。
30 minutes before sunset, Flight 123 lifts off.
日落前30分钟，123号班机起飞。
Positive rate.
上升率正常。
Gear up.
起落架收起。
Very nice.
非常好。
Flight 123 is one of dozens of 747s carrying passengers throughout Japan.
123号班机是在日本运送乘客的数十架747中的一架。
To this day, the 747 is the most iconic jetliner ever built.
直到今天，747仍是有史以来最具标志性的喷气客机。
When it debuted in the 70s, it was by far the biggest commercial plane that had ever flown.
它在70年代首次亮相时，是迄今为止最大的商用飞机。
And every pilot wanted to fly this plane.
每个飞行员都想驾驶这架飞机。
To meet growing demand for cheap travel within Japan, Boeing designed the 747SR, a special version of the jumbo jet.
为了满足日本国内廉价旅行的日益增长的需求，波音设计了747SR，这是一种特殊版本的巨型喷气机。
The 747SR, or short-range, was an unusual variant in that it was designed for high-density, short-haul operations.
747SR，或短程版，是一个不寻常的变种，因为它是为高密度、短途运营而设计的。
The Minister of Transportation was on the last leg.
交通部长在最后一段旅程中。
Hope you gave him a smooth flight.
希望你给他一个平稳的飞行。
Assisting on tonight's trip is flight engineer Hiroshi Fukuda.
今晚的旅程中协助的是飞行工程师福田宏。
He's flown on 747s since they were introduced to Japan Airlines in the 1970s.
自从747在1970年代引进日本航空以来，他就一直在747上飞行。
These earlier 747s required three pilots, the third pilot being a flight engineer who sat behind the captain and first officer controlling all of the airplane's systems and subsystems that were later consolidated into the more computerized two-pilot airplanes that we have today.
这些早期的747需要三名飞行员，第三名飞行员是飞行工程师，他坐在机长和副驾驶后面，控制所有飞机的系统和子系统，这些后来被整合到我们今天所用的更多计算机化的双飞行员飞机中。
Through 10,000, flight level 240 selected.
通过10,000英尺，选择飞行高度240。
It's an hour-long flight from Tokyo to Osaka, one of Japan's busiest domestic routes.
从东京到大阪的航班时长一小时，这是日本最繁忙的国内航线之一。
Eleven minutes into the flight, Japan Airlines 123 approaches its cruising altitude.
起飞11分钟后，日本航空123号班机接近巡航高度。
Okay, 1,000 feet to go and we'll level off.
好的，还有1000英尺就要平飞了。
Yes, sir.
是的，长官。
As they near 24,000 feet, the crew settles in for what's expected to be a smooth flight.
当他们接近24,000英尺时，机组人员为预计将是一次平稳的飞行做好了准备。
If an airplane is suddenly displaced by some violent force, the autopilot can suddenly kick off, and the pilots now have to take control and physically steer the airplane again.
如果飞机突然被某种猛烈的力量位移，自动驾驶仪可能会突然断开，飞行员现在必须重新控制并亲自驾驶飞机。
Something exploded?
有东西爆炸了？
I'm squawking 7,700.
我正在发出7700信号。
Putting 7700 into the transponder is a way of broadcasting an urgent situation.
在应答器中输入7700是一种广播紧急情况的方式。
Was that a gear door?
那是起落架门吗？
Check gear.
检查起落架。
What about the engines?
引擎怎么样？
All engines are good.
所有引擎都正常。
When something unusual or sudden happens, the pilots are trained to stop, analyze, evaluate the situation before simply reacting.
当发生不寻常或突然的事情时，飞行员接受的训练是停下来，分析，评估情况，而不是仅仅做出反应。
Look at this.
看这个。
16 seconds after the explosion, the pilots realize the cabin is losing pressure.
爆炸后16秒，飞行员意识到客舱正在失压。
If an airplane depressurizes at anything over 20,000 feet or so, now suddenly you don't have oxygen to breathe.
如果飞机在20,000英尺以上的高度失压，你突然就没有氧气可以呼吸了。
The emergency masks provide only 15 minutes of oxygen.
应急面罩只能提供15分钟的氧气。
Just enough oxygen for an emergency descent to below 10,000 feet.
只有足够的氧气让飞机紧急下降到10,000英尺以下。
Something exploded.
有东西爆炸了。
Right turn.
右转。
Right turn.
右转。
Tokyo, Japan Air 123.
东京，日航123号。
Having trouble.
遇到麻烦。
Request return back to Haneda.
请求返回羽田。
Descend and maintain 220.
下降并保持220。
Over.
结束。
Roger.
收到。
Right heading 090.
右转航向090。
The pilots of Flight 123 attempt a sharp turn back to Haneda Airport, now 70 miles behind them.
123航班的飞行员试图急转直飞羽田机场，现在已经在他们后方70英里了。
Don't bang so much.
别猛撞。
OK.
好的。
The R5 door is broken.
R5门坏了。
We're making an emergency descent.
我们正在紧急下降。
Don't bang so much.
别猛撞。
Hydraulic pressure has dropped.
液压压力下降了。
While the crew tries to determine why the cabin depressurized, they face an even more serious problem with the hydraulic systems.
当机组人员试图确定为何客舱失压时，他们面临着更严重的液压系统问题。
Without the hydraulic pressure, it's very difficult to move the control surfaces.
没有液压压力，操纵面很难移动。
Don't bank so much, it's manual.
别倾斜得太厉害，现在是手动的。
The decrease in hydraulic pressure is making it difficult for the first officer to stop the dangerously steep right turn.
液压压力的下降使得副驾驶难以停止危险的急剧右转。
Turn it back.
把它转回来。
It won't go back.
它转不回去了。
Hydraulics are all out.
液压全失效了。
Nobody in that cockpit had ever seen a complete hydraulics failure.
那个驾驶舱里的任何人都没见过完全的液压失效。
There was no checklist, no procedure for how to deal with that.
没有清单，没有程序来处理这种情况。
Descend.
下降。
The pilots are unsure if their control inputs are doing anything.
飞行员不确定他们的操控输入是否有任何作用。
What's going on?
发生了什么？
He's not turning back to Haneda.
他没有转回羽田。
Air traffic controllers are puzzled by Flight 123's erratic flight path.
空中交通管制员对123航班的不规则飞行路径感到困惑。
Why isn't he descending?
他为什么不下降？
Japan Air 123, confirm, you are declaring an emergency.
日航123号，请确认，你们正在宣布紧急情况。
Affirmative.
肯定的。
Request, nature of your emergency.
请求说明你们的紧急情况。
Uncontrollable.
无法控制。
Uncontrollable.
无法控制。
Roger, understood.
收到，了解。
Put your heart into it.
全力以赴。
Yeah.
好。
If you've lost pitch control, elevator control, an airplane will fall into an oscillating series of climbs and descents, a fugoid.
如果你失去了俯仰控制，升降舵控制，飞机会陷入一系列上升和下降的振荡，即所谓的抖振。
The plane will pitch up until it runs out of speed.
飞机会抬头直到速度耗尽。
It will then nose down into a descent.
然后会向下俯冲。
It will pick up speed and momentum.
它会获得速度和动量。
As the wings begin to generate more lift, the plane will again begin to climb.
当机翼开始产生更多升力时，飞机将再次开始爬升。
The pilots try using engine power to turn the airplane towards Haneda.
飞行员尝试使用发动机动力将飞机转向羽田。
By increasing power on the left side, the plane would turn to the right.
在左侧增加动力，飞机会向右转。
Increasing power on the right side, the airplane would turn to the left.
在右侧增加动力，飞机会向左转。
It works.
奏效了。
The 747 starts a slow turn to the right.
747开始缓慢向右转。
We are making an emergency descent.
我们正在紧急下降。
Put on your oxygen mask, fasten seatbelts.
快戴上氧气面罩，系好安全带。
Don't worry, the pilots have turned us back.
别担心，飞行员已经把我们转回来了。
We will be landing in Haneda soon, OK?
我们很快就会降落在羽田，好吗？
Put on your oxygen mask, fasten seatbelts.
戴上你的氧气面罩，系好安全带。
Still at 22,000 feet, the captain can see Haneda in the distance, 81 miles away.
仍在22,000英尺的高度，机长可以远远看到羽田，距离81英里。
Can you hold?
你能坚持住吗？
The crew reflexively thought, let's get this plane back to Haneda.
机组人员本能地想，让我们把飞机带回羽田。
And why Haneda and not somewhere closer?
为什么是羽田而不是更近的地方？
Because they were familiar with Haneda.
因为他们熟悉羽田。
Haneda is within reach, but the plane's erratic behavior is worsening and the pilots are at breaking point.
羽田已经触手可及，但飞机的不规则行为正在恶化，飞行员们已经到了崩溃的边缘。
In the cabin, emergency masks are running out of oxygen.
在客舱内，应急氧气面罩的氧气即将用尽。
I don't understand what's happening.
我不明白发生了什么。
For 14 minutes, the crew of Japan Airlines 123 has been struggling to control their 747.
日本航空123号的机组人员已经挣扎了14分钟来控制他们的747。
They can't get the plane to descend.
他们无法让飞机下降。
Gear down.
放下起落架。
Lowering the landing gear, dumping all of that machinery down into the airstream will slow a plane down by vastly increasing the amount of drag, helping it to descend.
放下起落架，将所有那些机械装置投入气流中，会通过大幅增加阻力来减速飞机，帮助其下降。
It doesn't work.
没有效果。
The gear won't go down.
起落架放不下来。
Let's try the alternate.
我们试试备用系统。
In an emergency situation, like a hydraulic failure, the crew can lower the landing gear with gravity.
在紧急情况下，比如液压失效，机组人员可以依靠重力放下起落架。
However, once the gear is down, it cannot be pulled back again.
然而，一旦起落架放下，就无法再收回。
Lower!
放下！
Yes!
好！
Yes!
好！
Gear coming down!
起落架正在放下！
Really, they're just trying desperation moves here, trying to find the right configuration to stabilize the plane as best they can.
实际上，他们只是在这里尝试绝望的举措，试图找到正确的配置来尽可能稳定飞机。
Keep the nose down?
保持机头向下？
Yes.
是的。
With the landing gear down, the aircraft begins to slow.
起落架放下后，飞机开始减速。
We are descending now.
我们现在开始下降了。
15 minutes after the incident began, Japan Airlines 123 is finally losing altitude.
事故发生后15分钟，日本航空123号终于开始失去高度。
The gamble has paid off.
这次冒险成功了。
It's not in what I would call controlled flight, but it's a steadier condition than it was in.
它不是在我所说的受控飞行中，但它比之前的状态更稳定。
And it's descending now into lower altitudes where passengers can breathe again.
现在它正在下降到较低的高度，乘客们可以再次呼吸。
Hold it here.
就保持在这里。
We're over Lake Sagami.
我们正飞过相模湖。
Just ahead, the pilots see the familiar lights of Tokyo.
就在前方，飞行员看到了熟悉的东京灯光。
But the captain's optimism vanishes when the plane suddenly banks hard to the left.
但当飞机突然向左急剧倾斜时，机长的乐观情绪消失了。
This may be hopeless.
这可能是无望的。
Lower the nose more.
再把机头低一点。
Progress radar vectors to Haneda.
按雷达引导向羽田机场进发。
Roger, understood.
收到，明白。
Keep heading 090 for runway 22.
保持090航向，准备降落22跑道。
Whoa!
哇！
As the plane descends below 10,000 feet, the situation worsens.
当飞机下降至10,000英尺以下时，情况变得更糟。
It's uncontrollable again.
它又一次变得不可控制了。
Watch out for the mountain.
小心山！
So then it suddenly begins descending at a high rate of speed directly towards the mountains.
然后它突然开始以很高的速度直接向山区快速下降。
Japan Airlines 123 is flying directly away from Haneda Airport, heading straight towards high terrain north of Mount Fuji.
日本航空123号直接偏离了羽田机场的方向，直奔富士山北部的高地。
Right turn and we will hit the mountains!
右转我们就会撞上山！
Yes!
是的！
Nine minutes after lowering the landing gear, the plane has descended 15,000 feet.
在放下起落架九分钟后，飞机已经下降了15,000英尺。
Where did he go?
他去哪了？
Flight 123 drops below the peaks of the surrounding mountains, out of range of Tokyo's radar.
123航班下降至周围山峰之下，已经超出了东京雷达的范围。
Max power.
最大动力。
Incredibly, the pilots are able to arrest the dramatic dive.
令人难以置信的是，飞行员们成功地阻止了剧烈的下降。
The plane begins a very abrupt pitch up, so much so that now they're very worried about the airplane stalling at the top of that climb.
飞机开始了非常突然的抬头，以至于他们现在非常担心飞机在爬升顶部失速。
When the airspeed drops to 108 knots, the stick shaker activates.
当空速降至108节时，摇杆震动器启动。
Increase power.
增加动力。
Not good.
不好。
We're stalling.
我们要失速了。
The plane slows to 108 knots, which is beyond the stall margin for a 747.
飞机的速度减慢到108节，这已经超过了747的失速边界。
How they didn't just drop out of the sky at that point, I'm not sure.
他们怎么没有就这样从天上掉下来，我不确定。
We're losing altitude.
我们正在失去高度。
Raise the nose.
抬起机头。
The flight crew is exhausted.
飞行员们已经筋疲力尽。
For 25 minutes, they have fought for control as they continue to fly away from Haneda Airport.
25分钟以来，他们一直在争取控制权，同时继续远离羽田机场飞行。
Flaps?
襟翼？
The first officer suggests deploying the flaps, which may help them stabilize the airplane, allow them to fly at a slower speed without stalling.
副驾驶建议部署襟翼，这可能有助于他们稳定飞机，允许他们以较慢的速度飞行而不失速。
Extend the flaps!
伸出襟翼！
Flaps coming out!
襟翼正在伸出！
because the normal hydraulic deployment is obviously unavailable.
因为正常的液压部署显然是不可用的。
When flaps are deployed electrically, they come out very, very slowly.
当襟翼通过电力部署时，它们非常非常慢地伸出。
For more than a minute, Flight 123 flies almost normally.
超过一分钟，123航班几乎正常飞行。
Left turn!
左转！
As the crew attempts a left turn back to Haneda, the plane banks hard to the right.
当机组人员试图左转回羽田时，飞机猛烈地向右倾斜。
Japan Air 123, request position.
日本航空123号，请求报告位置。
Your position is 45 miles northwest of Haneda.
你们的位置在羽田西北45英里。
Unknown to the pilots, the flaps on each wing are extending at different speeds.
飞行员不知道的是，每个翼上的襟翼伸展速度不一致。
What's happened is the flaps on the left side have come down faster than the flaps on the right side.
发生的情况是左侧的襟翼比右侧的襟翼下降得更快。
This has caused the left wing to produce a lot more lift, which is turning the plane hard to the right.
这导致左翼产生了更多的升力，使得飞机猛烈地向右转。
The nose!
机头！
The uneven flaps make the situation worse.
不均匀的襟翼使情况变得更糟。
The nose!
机头！
4,000 feet from the ground, Japan Airlines 123 is dropping fast, losing 15,000 feet a minute.
日本航空123号距离地面4,000英尺，正在快速下降，每分钟失去15,000英尺的高度。
Raise the nose.
抬起机头。
Raise the nose.
抬起机头。
The pilots use all their strength to regain control.
飞行员用尽全力试图重新控制。
I can't hold it much longer.
我撑不了多久了。
But nothing works.
但没有任何作用。
Flaps up!
收起襟翼！
Flaps up!
收起襟翼！
Flaps up!
收起襟翼！
Raise the nose!
抬起机头！
Power up!
增加动力！
Japan Airlines Flight 123 has crashed into a mountain in a remote area northwest of Tokyo.
日本航空123号已经坠毁在东京西北部偏远地区的一座山上。
When rescuers reach the crash site the next morning, they find devastation.
当救援人员第二天早上到达坠机现场时，他们发现了毁灭性的景象。
Only the left wing and rear section of the aircraft are recognizable.
只有左翼和飞机的后部可以辨认。
As rescuers examine the tail section,
当救援人员检查尾部时，
they make an astonishing discovery.
他们做出了惊人的发现。
There are four survivors.
有四名幸存者。
To have made it out and to have survived the next 15 or so hours under the wreckage in the wilderness, I don't know how it happened, but it did.
他们能够从飞机残骸中逃生，并在野外的残骸下生存了15个小时左右，我不知道这是怎么发生的，但它确实发生了。
520 people have died.
有520人死亡。
The deadliest single plane crash in history.
这是史上最致命的单一飞机坠毁事故。
Japan's Air Accident Investigation Commission, or AAIC, is soon joined by experts from the NTSB and Boeing.
日本航空事故调查委员会（AAIC）很快得到了来自国家运输安全委员会（NTSB）和波音公司专家的支持。
We were working down there in this terrible carnage and family members had already been brought up to the mountain and they built little altars.
我们在那里工作，周围是可怕的残骸，家属已经被带到山上，他们建立了小祭坛。
I get chills thinking about it.
我想到这些就起鸡皮疙瘩。
One of the survivors is Yumi Ochiai, the off-duty flight attendant.
幸存者之一是休班的空乘人员Yumi Ochiai。
She's able to talk?
她能说话吗？
Though injured, Yumi is able to speak to investigators.
尽管受伤，Yumi能够与调查人员交谈。
Yumi, can you tell me what you remember?
Yumi，你能告诉我你记得什么吗？
We were ascending when something exploded behind me.
我们正在爬升时，我身后发生了爆炸。
Investigators discover that 12 minutes into the flight over Sagami Bay, there was an explosion.
调查人员发现，在飞越相模湾的飞行12分钟后，发生了爆炸。
The survivor's account gives investigators their first big clue.
幸存者的陈述给了调查人员第一个重要线索。
After the sound of the explosion, Mrs. Oshiai saw a white fog.
爆炸声之后，Oshiai女士看到了白色的雾气。
And this white fog is a result of a sudden decompression.
这种白色的雾气是突然失压的结果。
Immediately after decompression, the flight attendant describes seeing a hole in the fuselage.
失压后，空乘人员描述看到机身上有一个洞。
Thank you.
谢谢。
Based on the survivor's account, investigators are immediately suspicious.
根据幸存者的陈述，调查人员立即产生了怀疑。
Right now it's a bomb.
现在我们的首要嫌疑是炸弹。
That's what the crime guys are telling us.
这是犯罪调查组告诉我们的。
Japan is already on high alert.
日本已经处于高度戒备状态。
Two months before the crash, a bomb detonated at Narita Airport.
在坠机事件发生的两个月前，成田机场发生了一起炸弹爆炸事件。
On the same day that an Air India 747 fell from the sky off the coast of Ireland.
就在同一天，一架印度航空的747型飞机在爱尔兰海岸外坠毁。
There was all kinds of concern internationally and in Japan that we had a terrorist group trying to blow airplanes out of the sky.
在国际上和日本都非常担心，我们可能面临一个试图炸毁飞机的恐怖组织。
Let's keep an open mind and look for something else.
让我们保持开放的心态，寻找其他可能性。
Even if you think it might be a bomb, that's speculation.
即使你认为可能是炸弹，那也只是猜测。
The 747 was one of the more popular airplanes in service at this time, and we were worried that if it was something else, it might ground the airplanes.
747是当时服务中最受欢迎的飞机之一，我们担心如果是其他原因，可能会导致飞机停飞。
Make sure we catalog everything.
确保我们记录下每一样东西。
With the black boxes sent off for analysis, investigators examined the wreckage in an aircraft hangar.
黑匣子被送去分析后，调查人员在飞机机库内检查残骸。
Let's test for explosive residue near the back.
让我们在后部测试爆炸残留物。
I had this package of glass bottles and cotton swabs and tweezers and alcohol and water and diligently swabbed the aft lab walls and sent the samples back to the company in Seattle.
我带了一包玻璃瓶、棉签、镊子、酒精和水，认真地擦拭了后部洗手间的墙壁，并将样本送回西雅图的公司。
To reconstruct the final 30 minutes of the flight, they turn to the radar track.
为了重建飞行的最后30分钟，他们转向雷达追踪记录。
Almost 24,000 feet over Sagami Bay.
在相模湾上空大约24,000英尺。
Yeah.
是的。
As investigators zero in on how and where the incident began, they get a break.
当调查人员聚焦于事故开始的方式和地点时，他们取得了突破。
Hey, that's our plane.
嘿，那是我们的飞机。
A witness on the ground took a photo of the plane during the incident.
一位地面目击者在事故发生时拍摄了飞机的照片。
Piece of the tail missing.
尾翼部分缺失。
Vertical stabilizer is pretty much gone.
垂直尾翼几乎不见了。
Losing a vertical fin has never happened to an airliner this big before.
这样大的客机失去垂直尾翼以前从未发生过。
The airplane had lost most of its tail.
飞机失去了大部分尾部。
And it makes sense that investigators were focused on the possibility of an in-flight explosion, a bomb.
调查人员关注飞行中爆炸的可能性，比如炸弹，这是合理的。
Missing tail.
缺失的尾部。
And Yumi Ochiai said there was a hole behind her.
而Yumi Ochiai说她身后有个洞。
It all adds up.
这一切都对得上。
But we need the tail to prove it.
但我们需要尾部来证明这一点。
The day after the crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123, part of the missing tail is found floating in Sagami Bay, south of Tokyo.
日本航空123号班机坠毁后的第二天，在东京南部的相模湾发现了部分失踪的尾翼。
So what do you think?
那么你怎么看？
Investigators examine the tail, looking for any clues that point to a bombing.
调查人员检查尾翼，寻找指向炸弹爆炸的线索。
There's no fire damage.
没有火灾损害。
No shrapnel damage.
没有弹片损害。
but that's not what they find.
但他们发现的并非如此。
Nothing really looks like bomb damage.
看起来真的不像是炸弹造成的损害。
There's a lot of telltale signs.
有很多明显的迹象。
I saw none of that.
我一个也没看到。
Until they get the swab results back from the lab, they can't rule out a bomb entirely.
在他们从实验室得到擦拭结果之前，他们不能完全排除炸弹的可能性。
So you were the controller that handled Japan Air 123, right?
所以你是负责处理日本航空123号班机的管制员，对吗？
Correct.
没错。
Investigators speak to the controller who was in contact with the crew for 32 minutes.
调查人员与与机组人员联系了32分钟的管制员交谈。
Did the pilots say anything about what happened to the plane?
飞行员有没有说飞机出了什么问题？
Right from the start, they said it was uncontrollable.
从一开始，他们就说飞机不可控了。
Did they say why?
他们说是为什么吗？
No, but they did mention to dispatch something about damage to a door.
没有，但他们确实向调度员提到了关于门损坏的事情。
The R5 door is broken.
R5门坏了。
We're making an emergency descent.
我们正在紧急下降。
Thank you.
谢谢。
It's very helpful.
这非常有帮助。
The pilot reported that the door may have come off, and there was a concern that if the door came off, it may have damaged the airplane.
飞行员报告说门可能脱落了，人们担心如果门脱落，可能会损坏飞机。
The right rear door is here, behind our survivor.
右后门就在我们幸存者的后面。
Maybe that's the opening our survivor described.
也许那就是我们幸存者描述的开口。
That would explain the depressurization.
这可以解释失压的情况。
There is a precedent there.
这之前有先例。
In 1974, the cargo door of a Turkish Airlines DC-10 had blown off.
1974年，一架土耳其航空的DC-10货舱门爆开。
causing instant decompression of the cabin and failure of the cabin floor, resulting in the loss of flight control.
导致客舱瞬间失压和客舱地板损坏，结果失去了飞行控制。
The door is big, so it can definitely do damage to the tail.
门很大，所以绝对能对尾部造成损害。
Enough damage to knock it right off the plane?
足以把它从飞机上撞掉吗？
Several days after the crash, the right rear door is found.
坠机几天后，找到了右后门。
Looks like the door was locked.
看起来门是锁着的。
And it was found with the rest of the wreckage.
并且它是和其他残骸一起被找到的。
So it didn't fall off in flight.
所以它并没有在飞行中脱落。
It was a good theory.
这是一个不错的理论。
I know.
我知道。
We're missing something.
我们漏掉了什么。
We are back to square one.
我们又回到了起点。
No trace of explosives found on the wreckage.
在残骸上没有发现爆炸物的痕迹。
Flight 123 was not brought down by a bomb.
123号班机并非因炸弹而坠毁。
Well, one thing's for sure, something happened in the back of that plane.
有一点是肯定的，飞机后部发生了某些事。
Was there a structural issue?
是结构问题吗？
Was there a design issue even, which might affect more 747s than just this one?
甚至是设计问题，可能会影响到不止这一架747吗？
We really needed to get an answer to that.
我们真的需要得到一个答案。
We need to reassemble the tail.
我们需要重新组装尾部。
While investigators focus on the rear of the plane, the Japanese government orders inspections of all 747 tail assemblies.
当调查人员专注于飞机的后部时，日本政府下令检查所有747型飞机的尾部组件。
Around the world, the safety of the 747 is questioned.
全世界都在质疑747的安全性。
There was moves by the Europeans and the Brits to ground the 747, and that would have had terrible economic impact on the United States.
欧洲人和英国人有动作要停飞747，这将对美国造成严重的经济影响。
So from their first emergency call to the crash, it was almost 32 minutes.
所以从他们第一次紧急呼叫到坠机，差不多是32分钟。
The team turns to the cockpit voice recorder for clues.
团队转向驾驶舱语音记录器寻找线索。
Let's hear it.
让我们听听。
Get quick.
快点。
Thank you.
谢谢。
Sounds normal.
听起来很正常。
It's just a flight attendant asking for something on the intercom.
只是一位空乘通过对讲机请求一些东西。
Whoa.
哇。
Something exploded?
有东西爆炸了吗？
We know there was definitely not a bomb, but did you hear that?
我们知道那绝对不是炸弹，但你听到了那声音吗？
Let's throw it back.
我们倒带再听听。
Yeah, I heard that.
是的，我听到了。
That was two explosions.
那是两次爆炸声。
We didn't know what the boom boom was when we heard it on the CVR.
当我们在驾驶舱语音记录器上听到“砰砰”声时，我们并不知道那是什么。
OK.
好的。
Let's assume that the first explosion was a decompression somewhere behind you.
我们假设第一次爆炸是你们后面某处的失压。
What about the second one?
第二次爆炸呢？
Let's just keep listening.
我们继续听。
Don't bang so much.
别敲得这么响。
It's manual.
是手动的。
Turn it back.
转回去。
It won't go back.
它转不回去了。
Hydraulics are all out.
液压系统全失效了。
The 747 has four hydraulic systems that control the rudder, elevator, ailerons, flaps, and landing gear.
747有四套液压系统，控制着方向舵、升降舵、副翼、襟翼和起落架。
Two booms and no hydraulics.
两声爆炸，液压系统全无。
Yeah, they had a lot to deal with.
是的，他们面临很多问题。
For investigators, it's an important clue.
对调查人员来说，这是一个重要线索。
If you lose all your hydraulic systems on the airplane, you don't have any control of the flight controls.
如果你失去了飞机上所有的液压系统，你就无法控制飞行控制系统了。
It's no wonder they told ATC they were uncontrollable.
难怪他们告诉空管他们失去了控制。
So having gone away from the door, we began focusing on the aft end of the airplane.
所以我们从门的问题转移开，开始关注飞机的尾部。
Somehow they're all connected.
它们之间一定有联系。
Let's try to pinpoint the cause of the decompression.
让我们试着确定失压的原因。
The team scours the reconstruction of the tail section of Japan Airlines Flight 123, looking for evidence of what caused the first explosion.
调查团队仔细检查了日本航空123号航班尾部的重建部分，寻找导致第一次爆炸的证据。
The United States needed to determine the cause of this accident because we manufactured the 747.
美国需要确定这次事故的原因，因为我们制造了747。
We were concerned that we had a structural flaw in the airplane and others were worried too.
我们担心飞机有结构缺陷，其他人也很担心。
Okay, let's start here.
好的，我们从这里开始。
The rear pressure bulkhead.
后压力隔板。
The rear pressure bulkhead stands more than four meters high.
后压力隔板高达四米多。
Shaped like an umbrella, it acts like a cork in a champagne bottle, keeping the cabin pressurized.
它的形状像伞，就像香槟瓶的软木塞，保持客舱的压力。
Any explosion in the rear of the aircraft could explain the sudden depressurization.
飞机尾部的任何爆炸都可以解释突然的失压。
That's when we decided we need to focus on that area, on the bulkhead, and see what happened there.
那时我们决定需要专注于那个区域，看看隔板上发生了什么。
The team recovers the rear pressure bulkhead from the crash site.
调查团队从坠机现场回收了后压力隔板。
and painstakingly reconstructs it over several days.
并且费时数日仔细重建。
So this is it, huh?
这就是它，对吗？
Yeah.
是的。
At 24,000 feet, that's over a quarter million pounds of pressure.
在24,000英尺的高度，那是超过25万磅的压力。
It's a lot of force.
力量很大。
The rear pressure bulkhead has to hold the pressure inside the airplane.
后压力隔板必须保持飞机内部的压力。
It's got to be very, very strong.
它必须非常非常坚固。
It's got to be fail safe.
它必须是万无一失的。
And it needs to do its job reliably.
它需要可靠地完成它的工作。
Look, this damage here is from the crash.
看，这些损伤是坠机造成的。
These rips are from the plane slamming into the mountain, yeah?
这些裂口是飞机撞上山时造成的，对吧？
One of the things that investigators are trained to do and eventually learn to do is to look for anything that's out of the ordinary.
调查人员经过训练，最终学会了寻找任何不寻常的东西。
Check this out.
看这个。
This isn't crash damage, this is a rupture.
这不是坠机损伤，这是一个破裂。
Yeah, and a clean one at that.
是的，而且破裂得很干净。
Look, it runs mainly along this line of rivets.
看，它主要沿着这排铆钉延伸。
The straight line fracture certainly piqued our curiosity as to what this was all about.
直线状的裂纹肯定激起了我们的好奇心，想知道这是怎么回事。
Investigators discover a rupture 41 inches long.
调查人员发现了一个41英寸长的裂口。
Because of this long, flat area that we saw,
由于我们看到了这个长而平坦的区域，
It made us very curious that this thing had ruptured instantaneously and caused this explosive decompression.
我们非常好奇这个东西是如何瞬间破裂，导致了这种爆炸性失压的。
What could have caused the long rupture?
是什么导致了长裂口？
What do you have?
你有什么发现？
The team examines a piece of metal from where the rupture occurred.
团队检查了破裂处的一块金属。
Striations.
有条纹。
Lots of them.
很多条纹。
Under close examination, they discover a web of radiating contours called striations.
经过仔细检查，他们发现了一种放射状的轮廓，称为条纹。
They are telltale signs of growing cracks.
这些是裂纹生长的明显迹象。
Every time a little fatigue progresses, it leaves a mark, what they call striations.
每次疲劳裂纹扩展，它都会留下一个标记，也就是所谓的条纹。
It's long-term metal fatigue.
这是长期的金属疲劳。
Yeah.
是的。
Every flight, every time they pressurize the cabin, those fatigue cracks would have grown.
每次飞行，每次客舱增压，这些疲劳裂纹就会扩大。
If microscopic cracks form under rivets on the pressure bulkhead, they would continue to grow with the forces of the plane being repeatedly pressurized.
如果压力隔板上的铆钉下形成了微观裂纹，那么这些裂纹会随着飞机反复增压的力量而继续扩大。
So once the airplane's in service, these cracks start developing.
所以一旦飞机投入使用，这些裂纹就开始形成。
But they start under the rivet heads where you can't see them.
但它们是从铆钉头下面开始的，你看不见它们。
And even once they progress outside, they're very difficult to see because they're only a few millimeters long.
即使它们扩展到外面，也很难看到，因为它们只有几毫米长。
Why did the cracks form in the first place?
裂纹最初是怎么形成的？
Yeah.
是的。
The pressure bulkhead's one of the strongest parts of a 747.
压力隔板是747中最坚固的部分之一。
The design philosophy for the pressure bulkhead included a fail-safe design.
压力隔板的设计理念包括了一个万无一失的设计。
If this rear pressure bulkhead had a fatigue crack begin, it would stop because there's a piece called a crack stopper.
如果这个后压力隔板开始出现疲劳裂纹，它会因为有一个叫做裂纹止动器的部件而停止。
The rear pressure bulkhead consists of five bays.
后压力隔板由五个舱室组成。
Each bay is separated by a strap or crack stopper designed to contain a small crack, preventing it from spreading to other bays.
每个舱室由一个带子或裂纹止动器分隔，设计用来包容小裂纹，防止它们扩散到其他舱室。
So why did this rupture spread beyond the crack stopper?
那么为什么这次破裂会超出裂纹止动器的范围呢？
Investigators dig into the maintenance history of the aircraft.
调查人员开始深入研究飞机的维护历史。
Maybe this will help.
也许这会有帮助。
This plane had a previous accident.
这架飞机以前发生过事故。
Seven years earlier, the plane had an incident landing in Osaka.
七年前，这架飞机在大阪降落时发生了一次事故。
It suffered a hard tail strike.
它遭受了严重的尾部撞击。
Severe damage to the rear pressure bulkhead.
后压力隔板严重受损。
Keep going.
继续说。
Bottom of the bulkhead was crushed, sent for repairs.
隔板底部被压毁，送去修理。
In this Osaka incident, the airplane's tail did hit the runway pretty hard, and it wore through the skin and actually damaged some structure, including the rear bulkhead.
在这次大阪事故中，飞机的尾部确实猛烈撞击了跑道，磨损了外皮，实际上还损坏了一些结构，包括后隔板。
Instead of replacing the entire bulkhead, Boeing engineers decided to replace only the damaged lower half,
波音工程师决定只更换受损的下半部分，而不是整个隔板，
Once the repair is made, it should be as strong or stronger than when the airplane was originally made.
一旦修复完成，它应该和飞机原先制造时一样强或者更强。
Well, this is the original bulkhead.
这是原始的隔板。
This is the new bulkhead.
这是新的隔板。
Maybe the repair is the issue.
也许修复是问题所在。
This kind of cracking in the same area that the repair was, was really more of a coincidence than we could have imagined.
在修复的同一区域出现这种裂纹，实际上比我们想象的巧合还要多。
So how did you fit the new bottom to the top of the bulkhead?
那你是怎么把新的底部和隔板的顶部连接起来的？
Investigators look into the 1978 repair more closely.
调查人员更仔细地查看了1978年的修复工作。
That was a really big job.
那是一项非常大的工作。
Technicians worked around the clock for eight days inside the plane to mount and secure a new lower bulkhead to the upper section.
技术人员在飞机内连续工作了八天八夜，安装并固定新的下隔板到上部分。
Did you notice anything out of the ordinary?
你有没有注意到任何不寻常的事情？
Well, there was only one small thing.
嗯，只有一件小事。
Just a little higher.
再高一点。
During the repair, technicians had difficulty connecting the upper to the lower pieces.
在修复过程中，技术人员在连接上下部件时遇到了困难。
There's not enough overlap.
重叠部分不够。
What do you mean?
你是什么意思？
We had trouble fitting the overlap at the 9 o'clock position.
我们在9点钟方向的重叠部分安装时遇到了麻烦。
The difficulties with the repair match exactly where the bulkhead failed.
修复的困难与隔板失效的位置完全吻合。
Okay, thanks for your help.
好的，谢谢你的帮助。
Investigators are now confident that the repair seven years ago is connected to the crash.
调查人员现在确信七年前的修复与坠机有关。
Now we're getting somewhere.
现在我们有了进展。
Okay, normally the top and bottom are held together with two rows of rivets, yeah?
好的，通常顶部和底部是用两排铆钉固定在一起的，对吗？
Investigators scrutinized the repair job to Flight 123's pressure bulkhead.
调查人员仔细审查了123航班压力隔板的修复工作。
Right, and they did that everywhere except for right here.
对，除了这里以外，他们都这么做了。
One area of the bulkhead, the skin did not overlap enough.
隔板的一个区域，外皮重叠得不够。
Boeing had to design a patch
波音不得不设计了一个补丁
a repair.
一次修复。
It was called a splice.
它被称为接缝。
Without enough space for two rows of rivets in the overlap, a separate splice plate is attached over the area.
由于重叠部分没有足够的空间放置两排铆钉，所以在该区域上方附加了一个单独的接缝板。
But only one row of rivets showed signs of metal fatigue.
但只有一排铆钉显示出金属疲劳的迹象。
It's hard to tell how the repair was done.
很难判断修复是如何完成的。
We knew that there was supposed to be a splice plate there.
我们知道那里应该有一个接缝板。
But it was evident to me that there was just one row of rivets taking up the load.
但很明显，只有一排铆钉承受着负荷。
It didn't look right.
这看起来不对劲。
They used two different splice plates.
他们使用了两种不同的接缝板。
And by using two different splice plates, they compromised the repair.
通过使用两种不同的接缝板，他们削弱了修复的效果。
Investigators discover the repair team cut the splice plate in two, perhaps for easier installation.
调查人员发现修复团队将接缝板切成了两半，可能是为了更容易安装。
The lower plate helped secure the overlap.
下面的板帮助固定了重叠部分。
The upper plate did not.
上面的板则没有。
That one row of rivets was insufficient to sustain the loads and eventually fatigue cracks started and the whole section failed.
那一排铆钉不足以承受负载，最终疲劳裂纹开始形成，整个部分失败了。
The fracture followed the gap between the two splice plates.
断裂沿着两个接缝板之间的缝隙发生。
This particular 747 SR had accumulated over 18,000 cycles in its 12-year career with JAL.
这架特定的747 SR在其12年的日航生涯中累积了超过18,000个飞行循环。
That's just an astonishing number.
这简直是惊人的数字。
V1.
V1。
Rotate.
旋转。
Each one of those cycles, each one of those takeoffs and landings meant pressurization and depressurization cycles.
每一个循环，每一次起飞和降落都意味着增压和减压循环。
The real bulkhead now had a weak spot.
真正的隔板现在有了一个薄弱点。
It was sort of like a ticking time bomb ready to fail.
它就像一个定时炸弹，随时准备失败。
That's it.
就是这个。
That's got to be it.
一定是这个。
It's what investigators call the golden nugget.
这就是调查人员所说的关键发现。
We found the aha.
我们找到了啊哈时刻。
That's the cause.
那就是原因。
There's no question that if done correctly, the repair would not have failed.
毫无疑问，如果修复得当，它不会失败。
Investigators have discovered what caused the rapid decompression.
调查人员已经发现了导致急速失压的原因。
But they still need to understand why the tail detached.
但他们仍需要了解为什么尾翼会脱落。
The bulkhead ruptures here, and all that pressurized cabin air has got to go somewhere.
隔板在这里破裂，所有那些增压的机舱空气都得去某个地方。
Now, the shock wave flows up the tail, and it must have just popped off like champagne cork.
震波沿着尾部上升，它一定像香槟酒塞一样弹飞了。
The first boom was the failure of the bulkhead.
第一个爆炸声是隔板的失败。
And the second one was after the vertical tail pressurized, and it failed.
第二个是垂直尾翼增压后失效。
Hey, check this out.
嘿，看看这个。
All four hydraulic lines run through the tail section.
所有四条液压线都穿过尾部。
So when the decompression happens, not only do they lose a chunk of that tail, they lose all those lines as well.
所以当失压发生时，他们不仅失去了尾部的一块，也失去了所有那些线路。
In this case, all four hydraulic lines went up the vertical fin, so that was a poor design.
在这种情况下，所有四条液压线都沿着垂直尾翼向上，这是一个糟糕的设计。
It was just considered so unlikely, so inconceivable that all four systems would in some way be disabled.
它被认为是如此不可能，如此难以想象，所有四个系统会以某种方式失效。
But that's exactly what happened.
但这正是发生的事情。
It's a design flaw that rendered the rest of the plane's flight controls useless.
这是一个设计缺陷，使得飞机其余的飞行控制系统无用。
Don't bank so much.
不要转弯太多。
OK.
好的。
Don't bank so much.
不要转弯太多。
Hydraulic pressure has dropped.
液压压力下降了。
Without any hydraulics to control elevators, rudder or ailerons, Flight 123 flew an erratic flight path for 32 terrifying minutes.
没有液压系统来控制升降舵、方向舵或副翼，123航班在32分钟的恐怖时间里飞行轨迹不稳。
Raise the nose!
抬起机头！
Raise the nose!
抬起机头！
The two pilots used all their strength to regain control.
两位飞行员用尽全力试图重新控制飞机。
I can't hold it much longer!
我快撑不住了！
But nothing worked.
但什么都没用。
Flaps up!
襟翼收起！
Flaps up!
襟翼收起！
Flaps up!
襟翼收起！
Raise your nose!
抬起你的机头！
Power!
动力！
What began as a repair seven years earlier set the stage for a devastating crash that took the lives of 520 people.
七年前的一次修理为一场灾难性的坠机事故埋下了伏笔，导致520人丧生。
The worst single aircraft accident of all time.
这是有史以来最严重的单一飞机事故。
The initiation and propagation of the fatigue crack… A series of recommendations takes direct aim at the original 747 design.
疲劳裂纹的起始和扩展……一系列建议直接针对原始747设计。
Operators are ordered to install a cover in the tail to protect the vertical fin against a bulkhead decompression.
航空公司被要求在尾部安装一个盖子，以保护垂直尾翼不受压力舱失压的影响。
The improper repair… Emergency cut-off valves are also recommended to prevent a total loss of hydraulic pressure.
不当的修理……还建议安装紧急切断阀，以防止液压压力完全丧失。
One way they can do this is to put what they call fuses in the hydraulic system.
他们可以做的一种方式是在液压系统中安装所谓的保险丝。
If you cut the line, the hydraulic fluid would be trapped in the rest of the line, and they were installed on the 747.
如果切断了管线，液压油会被困在管线的其余部分，它们被安装在747上。
Today, hydraulic fuses are used on almost every commercial airline.
如今，几乎所有商用航空公司都使用液压保险丝。
This accident was a watershed moment in aviation safety.
这起事故是航空安全的一个转折点。
it pointed up a lot of areas that not only the 747, but other airplanes flying could be improved right then and for the future and for future designs.
它指出了许多领域，不仅是747，还有其他正在飞行的飞机，可以立即改进，为未来和未来的设计提供改进。